Sleeping pattern – more sleepy than usual? Weight gain or loss – check baby book if the parent has it with them
Rhinorrhoea – often associated with viral upper respiratory disease Rash – any obvious trigger? / distribution? / blanching?īehaviour – irritability / less responsiveĬough – productive? / associated increased work of breathing? Stools – consistency / steatorrhoea? (biliary obstruction) / red currant jelly (intussusception) Wet nappies / urine output – number of wet nappies a day – ↓ in dehydration Vomiting – frequency / volume / timing – projectile? / bilious? / blood?įever – confirmed using thermometer vs subjectively feeling hot? Previous episodes – has the patient experienced this symptoms previously?įeeding – volume of intake / frequency of feeding an inhalerĪssociated features – are there other symptoms that appear associated e.g. Relieving factors – does anything appear to improve the symptoms e.g. Precipitating factors – are there any obvious triggers for the symptom? Intermittent or continuous? – is the symptom always present or does it come and go?
PEDIATRICS NOTES FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS PDF FULL
if symptom is shortness of breath – are they able to talk in full sentences?Ĭourse – is the symptom worsening, improving, or continuing to fluctuate? Onset – when did the symptom start? / was the onset acute or gradual?ĭuration – minutes / hours / days / weeks / months / years “Is the pain in your tummy?” “Is the pain in your back?”Īllow the patient time to answer and do not interrupt.
PEDIATRICS NOTES FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS PDF SERIES
So instead of saying “Tell me about the pain” you may need to ask a series of questions requiring only yes or no answers. This can sometimes be difficult when talking to children and you may need to adopt an approach involving more direct “So what’s brought your child in today?” or “What’s brought you in today?” It’s important to use open questioning to elicit the patient’s or parent’s presenting complaint. In a paediatric history this may well be a collateral history from a parent. Give the patient time to explain the problem/symptoms they’ve been experiencing. Taking a paediatric history (different emphasis to adults) Methods for treatment, prevention and control of rickettsial diseases.Paediatrics Michael Grant Notes based on QUB online Med Portal lectures, QUB student manual, NICE Guidelines, Oxford Clinical handbook and various external online resources A) Four Basic Paediatric Skills: Pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical syndromes associated with Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Coxiella and Bartonella. Interactions of the Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Coxiella and Bartonella with the host cell. Clinical syndromes associated withĪnd the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasma infectionsĭevelopmental cycle of chlamydia. The morphological and physiological characteristics of the mycoplasmas. Listeria, Francisella, Brucella, Bacillus and Yersinia Plague, Anthrax, Brucellosis, Listeriosis Mycobacterial diseases: tuberculois, Legionaires' disease, diphtheria, leprosy Syphilis, Lyme disease, leptospirosis, gonorrhea, meningitisĬlostridia, gas-gangrene, tetanus, botulism, pseudomonads Streptococcus and pneumonia, Staphylococcus infections, food poisoning, toxic shock Groups A, B and D streptococcus, pathogenesis, diagnosis The ways bacteria regulate enzyme activityĮxotoxins and endotoxins, transmission, adhesion, immunopathologyĮnterobacteriaceae, Vibrio, Campylobacter and Helicobacter The molecular mechanisms involved in catabolite repression and attenuation. That bacteria use to regulate gene activity. The structure and transcription of bacterial genes. The significance of gene transfer, transposable The mechanisms of gene transfer in bacteria. The infectious process and the lytic multiplication cycle. The general composition and structure of bacteriophage. The mechanisms by which bacteria express resistance to antibiotics The mode of action of antibacterial chemotherapeutic agents. The mode of action of beta-lactam antibiotics Structure and synthesis of the cell walls of gram-positive and gram negative bacteria
Approaches to rapid diagnosisĪnaerobic and aerobic metabolism.
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